Circularly Polarized Single Layer Large Scale Microstrip Patch Array Antenna for Wireless Communications

In this paper, a comprehensive study is conducted on a large-scale single layer microstrip patch array antenna with a $16 \times 16$ element configuration. The main focus is on its capability to achieve circular polarization (CP), which is crucial for long-distance wireless communication applications like Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and satellite communications. Extensive simulations are performed to evaluate the performance and effectiveness of the proposed design on Advanced Design System (ADS) software with a high-configuring computer. An initial feed circuit is designed using both-sided Microwave Integrated Circuit (MIC) technology to create a $2 \times 2$ array antenna. This design is then expanded to a $4 \times 4$ array and further implemented into an $8 \times 8$ array. By continuing this process, a $16 \times 16$ microstrip patch array antenna is constructed on a 0.8mm thick Teflon Glass Fiber substrate with a relative dielectric constant of 2.15. Having a slot in the ground plane greatly simplifies the design for feeding. The simulated results demonstrate excellent findings of the array antenna, showcasing exceptional circular polarization capabilities with an impressive impedance bandwidth of 450 MHz. Additionally, the Axial Ratio (AR) value at a frequency of 5.8 GHz stands at an impressive 0.70 dB. The proposed antenna exhibits a remarkably high gain of 47 dB in the broadside direction, having a level difference with the side-lobe gain of more than 20 dB. Additionally, it demonstrates a relative power level difference of over 20 dB in the LHCP mode indicating excellent CP performances.