Evaluation of Advanced Encryption Standard Algorithms for Image Encryption

With the maturation of quantum computing, traditional cryptography is gradually facing threats. While the Grover algorithm can accelerate search speeds, current observations suggest that symmetric cryptography (such as Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)) can still enhance security by increasing the length of the secret key. However, AES implementation involves various modes, not all of which are secure. In light of this, this study proposes an evaluation factor based on Gini impurity to verify the security of each mode and uses encrypted images as a case study for validation. Furthermore, this study also compares the electronic codebook (ECB) mode, cipher block chaining (CBC) mode, counter (CTR) mode, counter with CBC-message authentication code (MAC) (CCM) mode, and Galois counter mode (GCM).