Post-Quantum Cryptography X.509 Certificate

In recent years, with the development of quantum computing, mainstream cryptographic algorithms in current PKI systems have gradually become threatened. In light of this, this study explores post-quantum cryptography X.509 certificate formats and discusses and implements solutions. The study compares mainstream cryptographic algorithms (including RSA and ECDSA) with post-quantum cryptography standard algorithms (including Falcon, Dilithium, SPHINCS+), comparing the efficiency of certificate production, signature generation, and signature verification. Finally, recommendations are made regarding post-quantum cryptography X.509 certificate solutions.