Temperature-Dependent Performance Analysis of Battery-Supercapacitor Hybrid Energy Storage Systems

Hybrid energy storage systems (HESS) are the key to achieving a high power-high energy regime in the Ragone plot. This work investigates the efficiency of a battery-supercapacitor HESS by employing a comprehensive comparative analysis of various battery models, including (lead acid, lithium-ion, nickel-cadmium, etc.). The work aims to understand the effect of temperature on several relevant parameters, especially state-of-charge (SOC) and power requirements. The first phase of this work involves a meticulous comparison of different battery models. The results provided a basis for selecting optimal battery candidates for further study, and the Li-ion battery was deemed the best choice. Subsequently, the study delves into the impact of temperature variations on the hybrid systems' SOC, required power and overall efficiency. Key outcomes of the study suggest that (i) in battery and supercapacitor, SOC degrades to 45% and 69% at 100 °C, respectively, and (ii) an increase in power input to a system can result in rapid temperature rise. Overall, through a systematic simulation-based approach, the research elucidates the temperature-dependent behaviors of the hybrid system, shedding light on the thermal management strategies required for maintaining optimal performance across a temperature range.