A Study on the Construction of Charging Stations on Freeways Using a Road Section Power Consumption Model

In recent years, China's new energy vehicles have developed rapidly, and more people choose new energy vehicles as a means of transportation. In order to meet the long-distance driving needs of new energy vehicles and take into account the need for early construction, State Grid Corporation has built charging stations in each service area of the highway (research section) in 2019. However, some service areas have idle charging stations, resulting in resource waste and long-term losses. Due to lack of maintenance in the later stage, some charging stations have been damaged, resulting in poor user experience and limiting the long-distance cross-regional driving of pure electric vehicles, ultimately affecting the subsequent development of new energy vehicles. On the other hand, with the increase in the number of electric vehicles, some highway charging stations have insufficient charging equipment, making it difficult to meet the charging needs, resulting in long queues and high charging time costs. Therefore, this article proposes a reasonable construction plan by constructing corresponding models and theoretical analysis. Firstly, the overview of the Jiangsu section of G15 (Shenhai Expressway) and the distribution of service areas were analyzed. Based on this, necessary parameters such as section length and traffic flow were defined, and a section power consumption model was constructed. The model was provided with data through intuitive observation, statistical analysis, historical comparison, and other methods. Based on predictive analysis, select electric vehicle data for 2030 and combine it with the road section power consumption model to analyze the power consumption of each road section, and then calculate the charging demand. Next, the operation of each charging station will be analyzed using the queuing theory model. When the waiting time for charging in the queue does not exceed 0.2 hours as a condition, the number of charging devices that need to be constructed in each service area will be calculated. By comparing with current data, the number of new charging devices that need to be constructed will be obtained. Finally, a plan for the construction of charging devices in each service area of the research section in the next seven years (2030) will be provided.