Scalable Neural Dynamic Equivalence for Power Systems

Traditional grid analytics heavily rely on accurate power system models, especially dynamic ones for generators, controllers, and loads. However, obtaining comprehensive models is impractical in real operations due to inaccessible parameters and consumer privacy. This necessitates dynamic equivalencing for unknown subsystems, which employs physics-informed machine learning and neural ordinary differential equations (ODE-NET) to preserve dynamic behaviors post-disturbances. The contributions include: 1) A neural dynamic equivalence (NeuDyE) formulation enabling continuous-time, data-driven dynamic equivalence, eliminating the need for acquiring inaccessible system details; 2) Introduction of Physics-Informed NeuDyE learning (PI-NeuDyE) to actively control NeuDyE’s closed-loop accuracy; 3) Driving Port NeuDyE (DP-NeuDyE), a practical application of NeuDyE, reducing the number of inputs required for training. Extensive case studies on the 140-bus NPCC system validate the generalizability and accuracy of both PI-NeuDyE and DP-NeuDyE. These analyses cover various scenarios, including limitations in data accessibility. Test results demonstrate the scalability and practicality of NeuDyE, showcasing its potential application in ISO and utility control centers for online transient stability analysis and planning purposes.