ANN Stabilization of Negative-Sequence Integral Protection of Power Transformers for Turn-to-Turn Winding Faults

The negative-sequence differential current integral principle supplemented with appropriate asymmetry indices is a very sensitive technique for detecting turn-to-turn faults (TTFs) in transformer windings. In this paper, an ANN-based stabilization function for such a protection scheme is introduced. The developed technique offers effective stabilization during transformer energization and recovery inrush after fault clearing, preserving the required sensitivity for TTFs.