Passive Tag-Based Indoor Navigation and Localization System Using QR Codes: A Proof of Concept

Indoor navigation and localization pose significant challenges due to limitations in satellite positioning and communication networks. This paper presents a proof of concept for an indoor navigation and localization system utilizing passive tags, specifically QR codes, in conjunction with a smartphone application. The system aims to address scenarios where traditional satellite navigation and communication networks are unavailable or unreliable, such as within large buildings or during catastrophic incidents. Key functionalities include floor and location QR codes encoding navigation information and a smartphone application for navigation guidance and triage support. Evaluation of the system’s performance and future directions for improvement are discussed.