High-Altitude Platform Stations (HAPS); Regulatory Obstacles Blocking Their Deployment

This article delves into the evolution of High-Altitude Platform Stations (HAPS) as a vital technology for addressing the digital divide. From their inception in WRC-97 to recent WRC-23 developments, the focus is on unmanned HAPS, their technical specifications, deployment methods, and regulatory advancements in low- and medium-risk operations. Ongoing projects exemplify applications from 5G connectivity to disaster relief. The advantages of HAPS over satellites, including cost-effectiveness and reusability, are explored. Regulatory challenges worldwide hinder market access, and potential solutions are proposed, emphasizing the need for coordinated efforts to establish clear and harmonized frameworks. The authors will argue that the integration of HAPS presents a major opportunity to radically innovate in airspace management at the national, regional and international levels. The article will analyse whether current aviation laws, radio spectrum regulation and industry standards are appropriate tools to enable HAPS to be promptly commercial deployed. Addressing these challenges is crucial for leveraging HAPS to close the digital divide and achieve universal internet access.