Measurements Utilization of Breaker-and-Half Schemes in EMS Training and Operations

Grid operations have become increasingly complex due to integrating renewable generation and deploying smart grid technologies. In a modern grid, switching operations in transmission operations are a daily necessity. Breaker-and-half schemes and ring buses are widely used, and there is a limitation in simulators for training operators due to the methods used. In this paper, we proposed and evaluated an innovative solution to overcome this limitation. In turn, this method also improved the accuracy of State Estimator (SE), which is a critical function for reliable operations of the electric energy markets and bulk power system.