A novel high-through cell micronucleus detection algorithm based on improved YOLOv5

In response to the challenges associated with cell micronucleus image recognition, namely small target sizes, high class similarity, and limited sample data, A novel cell micronucleus detection algorithm named YOLOv5-ECA is proposed based on YOLOv5. The proposed algorithm gets hyper-accurate micronucleus identification through a series of improvements. To begin with, the anchor frame size is recalibrated based on a meticulously constructed dataset. This process serves to expedite convergence speed while bolstering accuracy. Subsequently, in C3 module, a coordinate attention (CA) is introduced, which enlarging the receptive field and enabling the model to allocate greater focus to crucial elements within processed images. Ultimately, a superficial detection layer is incorporated, thereby enhancing the precision of cell micronucleus identification through multi-scale detection. Comparative analysis with the original YOLOv5 which demonstrates a 2% increase in average precision, accuracy, and a 1.3% enhancement in recall for the YOLOv5-ECA algorithm based on experimental results.