Compact Fractal Wearable Antenna with and without Defected Ground Structure for Wireless Body Area Communications

Summary

Increased bandwidth is required for data and voice applications in wireless body‐centric sensing systems. Wearable electronics have a wide variety of uses in telemedicine, sports, the military, and tracking systems. The design of a wearable antenna presents several hurdles, including substrate material selection, multiband or wideband functioning, and size reduction. The aim of this chapter is to extend a multiband fractal antenna for usage in wearable electronic devices. To address the needs of 5th‐generation wireless wearable and flexible device practice, the development of a dumpy‐shaped, compacted fractal antenna through conformal features is required. The antenna is intended to be worn in the wearable body area and is designed to fit the human body's shape. It operates at frequencies between 2 to 5 GHz and specifically resonating at 3.7 GHz. The antenna design uses Sierpinski fractal geometry downsizing techniques and a defective ground structure (DGS) bandwidth enhancement methodology. The performance of the antenna is unaffected by structural bends along either axis, making it exceptionally resistant to structural deformation. Furthermore, SAR (Specific Absorption Rate) is an important component in the progress of body‐centric wireless communication procedures since it allows for the evaluation of connections between the human and radio waves emitted by devices. The electrical properties of the antennas on the human will be investigated. The enactment of an antenna is likewise unaffected by its location on the human body. The Computer Simulation Technology (CST) Microwave Studio (MWS) 3D electromagnetic simulation tools will be used to build and analyse the wearable antenna. To enable wireless body part communication, the suggested antenna will be developed and specified on a wearable media.