Assessment and Modeling of the Sewerage Network Using SewerGEMS Software in the City Center of Karbala, Iraq

The sewerage system is a vital element of urban infrastructure. Environmental pollution can be attributed to the presence of floodwater caused by pipe blockages, pipe breaks, or inadequate drainage capacity. In recent decades, there has been a significant surge in both the population size and the pace of population growth. As a result, urbanisation and industrialization have experienced a rise. Recent patterns indicate a growth in urban areas. As cities grow, it becomes necessary for the Municipality to provide essential public service infrastructure, like drinking water pipelines, sewer systems, street lighting, and roadways. An example of a public service institution is sewer networks, which play a crucial role in maintaining public health and cleanliness. The future entails the implementation of an efficient drainage system to mitigate the risk of flooding caused by abrupt population surges during festivals or religious visits. In this research, we conduct a modeling of the sewerage network previously implemented in the historic city center of Karbala - Iraq, using sewer gems. This region is characterized by attracting many visitors to its religious shrines and since this network was implemented during the year 1980 for a limited number of residents, this area suffers from frequent sewage overflows during the pilgrim because it cannot accommodate the increasing numbers of residents, which also causes environmental pollution and obstruction of traffic[reference: Karbala Sewerage Directorate].