Method of Desalination of Seawater in a Solar Collector

The article is devoted to the method of desalination of salty or polluted water using solar energy by distillation. The essence of the method is to use the heat of the sun to heat and evaporate the source, contaminated water, followed by its condensation. A feature of the method is the minimization of heat losses in the desalination process, which is ensured by the use of a special solar collector in the body of which evaporation is performed. To reduce heat losses, the boiling and evaporation temperature of water is lowered by vacuuming the space inside the collector. The separation of wet steam from the steam-air mixture inside the collector housing is performed by a vacuum pump.The removal of concentrated saline solution or concentrate of contaminated water from the boiling area is carried out by vacuum, which is created by a second vacuum pump or performed by one pump, by switching the discharged pressure line to the concentrate outlet channel. A diagram of the desalination system is given and a description of its operation is given. The elements of the desalination system are controlled by a programmable controller, and the system includes level sensors, temperature sensors, a density sensor, an adjustable throttle and other elements necessary for the operation of the system. The main operating mode of the desalination system is: the pressure inside the solar collector housing is 20–30 Pa, the evaporation temperature is 50-60°C.