Design and Implementation of a Low-Cost LoRa-Based Sensor Node for Environmental Monitoring in Uganda

Information about the environment plays a crucial role in effective planning and decision-making processes concerning environmental sustainability. Various environmental parameters such as ambient temperature and humidity, rainfall, wind speed and wind direction, radiation, etc, can be tracked to understand how the environment is changing, usually due to human activities. Over the years, efforts have been made to collect this information from many parts of Uganda. Despite these efforts, there is still a gap in the volume of data available to characterise the environment, most especially on a small scale. This is mainly caused by the high cost of current measurement devices which has greatly limited their use. In this study, we describe the development of a LoRa-based low-cost, low-power sensor node for measuring temperature, humidity, and particulate matter levels.