Autonomous Trams and Urban Infrastructure: A Methodological Approach to Testing and Integration

In recent years, the concept of smart cities, along with autonomous transportation, has emerged as a significant focal point for researchers, urban planners, and technological innovators. This growing interest is driven not only by technological advancements but also by the pressing need to address current urban mobility challenges such as congestion, air pollution, and the necessity to enhance road safety. Autonomous trams, as a pivotal element of intelligent urban transportation systems, offer a promising pathway towards more efficient, safer, and sustainable urban mobility. With their ability to integrate with a wide range of technologies, from advanced traffic management systems to sensors and artificial intelligence, autonomous trams represent a revolutionary step towards achieving smooth and secure movement in urbanized areas. However, the development and integration of autonomous trams into urban transport systems require not only advanced technologies but also comprehensive testing and validation of their communication with urban infrastructure and the functions of relevant devices. HD maps and digital twins play a crucial role in this process, enabling precise navigation and interaction with the urban environment. These technologies not only enhance the efficiency and safety of autonomous trams but also contribute to a better understanding and management of the urban space. This article focuses on the significance of comprehensive testing of the communication between autonomous trams and urban infrastructure, as well as the functionality of relevant devices, with an emphasis on the use of HD maps and digital twins. Highlighting the theoretical framework and methodologies that are essential for conducting such tests, the paper discusses the anticipated approach and potential challenges. By addressing the broader implications for the development of intelligent urban transportation systems, the article aims to shed light on how these technologies can help overcome the current and future challenges of urban mobility.