Time-Domain Modeling of a Cylindrical Lithium Iron Phosphate Single Cell Battery Against Fast-Front Transients

This study introduces a modeling approach for the transient response of batteries against fast-front impulse currents. An experimental methodology is presented to allow time-domain simulation of the surge performance of the battery using a straightforward process that involves mathematical analysis of the experimental records. A lithium iron phosphate battery was used as a case study; the voltage across the battery terminals and the current flowing through them is recorded for a range of 0.1 to 5.0 kA generated through a combination wave generator (12 kV 1.2/ $50~\mu $ s, 6 kA 8/ $20~\mu $ s). The developed non-linear equivalent circuit model yields results in very good agreement with experimental data of standard and non-standard impulse currents with a wavefront duration longer than $3~\mu $ s and time-to-half up to $60~\mu $ s. This work provides an advanced framework for surge protection of battery systems contributing to reliability and resilience of modern power grids against lightning events and electromagnetic pulses