Gray Wolf Algorithm Optimization of Automatic Generation Control for Deregulated Multi-Area Power System

This paper presents a gray wolf (GW) algorithm approach for parameter tuning proportional integral derivative (PIDF) controller with filter in automatic generation control (AGC) system for regulated multizone power grid The proposed system uses interline power flow controller (IPFC) and redox flow indicator battery (RFB). GW algorithm optimization is used to minimize area control error (ACE). The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed GW-PIDF controller in reducing frequency deviation and tie-line power variations. The combination of IPFC and RFB significantly improves the responsiveness and stability of the system, especially under different energy market conditions. The study highlights the importance of integrating advanced control techniques and energy storage systems (ESS) into modern electricity grids to overcome challenges posed by deregulation and renewable energy flows surface penetration effects are addressed.