A Review of Electromagnetics-Based Microwave Circuit Design Optimization

Electromagnetics (EM)-based optimization techniques have always been a major interest in the microwave research community due to their vital role in the design and development of microwave circuits and systems. Achieving the desired specifications in terms of S-parameters over different frequency bands is one of the critical steps in the microwave circuit and system design and development process
[1]
. An optimal design can be accomplished by using an optimization algorithm. Such an optimizer is set to iteratively find the optimized design with respect to predefined specifications starting from an initial design stage by invoking an EM simulator each time for evaluating the design evolution and optimization feasibility. This iterative approach takes an exceptionally long time, as many EM simulations are generally required for different sets of combinatory geometrical parameters during the optimization process
[2]
.