State-of-the-Art Techniques for Energy Saving Enhancement in Cell Differentiation and Integration for Open RAN: A Review

The deployment of Fifth Generation (5G) mobile communications aimed to host the extraordinary traffic growth in future networks and accommodate the projected expansion of services. These are making energy-saving measures vital for mobile operators. Innovative trends including densification, notarization, and Autonomous Management (AM) are included into 5G to save capital and operating expenses (CAPEX and OPEX) while still meeting this demand. A trade-off between lowering costs and preserving Quality of Service (QoS) may be achieved by AM and demand-oriented adaptive resource allocation using notarization. With an emphasis on energy efficiency and Multi-Operator Resource Allocation (MO-RA), this analysis delves into the ways in which these technologies complement one another. This paper explains, how current MO-RA schemes may save energy by doing a thorough inventory and categorization of these systems. Furthermore, the stress was on the need of Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNOs) in fully virtualizing mobile networks. By describing the difficulties and potential avenues for further studies in this concepts.