Ant Colony Optimization- Tuned Fractional Order PID Controller for Speed Regulation In Hybrid Electric Vehicle

Electric vehicles can be powered by one or more traction motors or electricity, off-road generators, solar panels, or batteries. Electric cars have attracted great attention recently due to their environmental and economic advantages such as lower costs and emissions compared to conventional cars. In the present work, a fractional order PID controller is tuned using an algorithm based on Ant Colony Optimization to regulate the speed of an electric vehicle. Advantages of FOPID controllers include the ability to control changes, ensure power stability, and reduce interference. The gain of this controller is optimized by Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) method. The suggested FOPID controller's enhanced performance is illustrated by analyzing and contrasting it with the conventional PID controller. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the suggested controller, it responds with zero overshoot and no fluctuation or oscillation, with rise time and settling times of 0.021 and 0.04, respectively. The suggested controller delivers a robust and adequate system response in controlling EV speed by utilizing the optimal gains.