Design and Implementation of an IoT-Enabled Smart Egg Incubator with Light Intensity Control for Enhanced Hatching Efficiency

In this paper an advanced egg incubation system is represented. It will automatically control the inside environment of the incubator by maintaining requisite temperature and humidity throughout the hatching process. The internal environmental status of the incubator can be monitored from remote location with the use of WiFi. Heat is generated inside the incubator using incandescent bulbs. For accurate control of the internal temperature the bulb illumination is controlled using ac dimmer module. Thus, frequent switching on and off of the relay circuit for varying temperature can be avoided. This will further help in reduction of the transient spike generation due to switching on and off. The core of this proposed system lies in the utilization of the ESP32 controller for remote monitoring and autonomous regulation of internal temperature and humidity. Additionally, a local OLED display is integrated into the hardware to provide on-site readings of temperature and humidity. The incubation process involves a specially designed turner equipped with a low-speed propeller. This turner ensures the uniform distribution of heat and moisture to the eggs Temperature control is dynamically managed within this proposed method, optimizing conditions for the ideal incubation environment. For the uses having no access to the internet facility, another hardware prototype is also developed, where there is a local monitoring and automatic control of the internal environment of the incubator is done. The proposed system has been developed as a functional hardware prototype, which underwent testing with multiple egg sets to confirm its effectiveness. The results have demonstrated a high level of hatching accuracy. This research marks a major stride in smart egg incubation technology, promising improved efficiency and outcomes in the field of poultry farming.