A Review on Digital Video Watermarking Security: Significance and Persistent Challenges

Given the rapid strides in technology, the need for authentication and security in long-distance communications has taken center stage. Particularly in the film industry, the pirated distribution of digital videos poses a significant threat due to the ease of global dissemination via the widespread accessibility of the internet. Video watermarking has obtained notable prominence across many applications including fingerprinting, copyright protection, annotation, security, and copy prevention/control. Watermarking, irrespective of its form i.e. image, audio, or video, involves further data embedded within a digital video signal, primarily for the detection of copyright owners. Consequently, several approaches to digital video watermarking have surfaced to tackle this issue. As a pivotal method, watermarking has turned up for confirming ownership, safeguarding copyrights and assuring authenticity. Researchers utilize techniques of watermarking to conceal sensitive information, this information can be in two modes, either in visible mode or invisible mode on the basis of user preferences, thereby playing a crucial role in establishing information ownership. To ensure robust watermarking, optimization processes are frequently employed. An overview encompassing various trends and new techniques widely observed in the domain of digital watermarking is aimed to be presented by this paper. It is intended as a comprehensive guide for researchers interested in this field.