Enhancing Authentication Security: Emoji based Graphical Passwords in Universal Three-Factor Authentication Systems

In today's digital landscape, Traditional text-based authentication methods, such as passwords, are vulnerable to various security threats. The core theme of graphical authentication revolves around the idea of using images, symbols, or graphical elements as a means of verifying a user's identity and granting access to a system, application, or data. Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) has emerged as an effective strategy to enhance security. MFA strengthens resistance against common attack methods such as phishing, brute force attacks, credential stuffing, and social engineering. Even if one factor is compromised, attackers would need to overcome additional hurdles to gain access. This study investigates the incorporation of graphical password authentication using emojis as one of the factors in a Universal Three-Factor Authentication System.