Coordinated Optimal Scheduling of Micro-Grid-Charging Facility Operators Based on the Stackelberg Game

To optimize the economic performance of micro-grid(MG) with various owners of charge-storage-swapping facility operator (CSSFO) and MG, we propose a two-layer optimal scheduling model using the Stackelberg game theory. The upper MG, acting as the leader, prioritizes revenue maximization and establishes an internal tariff for electricity trading with the lower CSSFO. The lower CSSFO, acting as the follower, adjusts its charging and discharging plan based on the internal tariff in order to maximize its own revenue. The upper and lower optimization issues are solved using the differential evolutionary algorithm and Gurobi software. This allows us to determine the ideal internal tariff and the optimal charging and discharging schedules of CSSFO, respectively. The simulation examples demonstrate that the proposed method can easily resolve the equilibrium strategy for the interaction between MG and CSSFO. This not only enhances the profits of both parties simultaneously, but also optimizes the utilization of CSSFO resources.