Advancements in Left Ventricular Myocardium Analysis: A Comprehensive Review of Myocardium Segmentation, Fibrosis Detection and Wall Motion Estimation Using Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging (CMRI) has established itself as a cornerstone in cardiovascular diagnostics, enabling precise assessment of left ventricular (LV) myocardium. This review meticulously examines the multifaceted aspects of LV myocardium analysis, focusing on three pivotal components: myocardium segmentation, fibrosis detection, and wall motion estimation. By exploring cutting-edge techniques and methodologies in these domains, this article sheds light on the profound impact CMR has had on the accurate diagnosis, prognosis and structuring treatment plans for diseases of the heart. In the realm of cardiac diagnostics, Left Ventricular (LV) myocardium analysis utilizing CMRI has undergone a transformation advancement. This review encapsulates the comprehensive exploration of LV myocardium analysis, Myocardium segmentation techniques, ranging from traditional methods to contemporary machine learning-driven approaches, are scrutinized for their accuracy and efficiency. The detection and characterization of myocardial fibrosis, crucial in diagnosing various cardiac conditions, are dissected through cutting-edge CMR techniques such as Late Gadolinium Enhancement (LGE) imaging and quantitative mapping methods. Additionally, advanced methods of wall motion estimation, including feature tracking and strain imaging, highlighting their applications in assessing myocardial function. Real-world clinical scenarios underscore the transformation impact of these techniques on diagnosing heart diseases, guiding treatment decisions, and improving patient outcomes. The current landscape of LV myocardium analysis, emphasizing the pivotal role of CMR in revolutionizing cardiac healthcare.