Optimal Planning Framework for Battery Energy Storage Systems and Electric Vehicle Charging Stations in Distribution Networks

This paper addresses the optimal planning of battery energy storage systems (BESSs) to mitigate the undesired effects of electric vehicle (EV) charging on power distribution grids. Increasing the share of EVs is essential to meet climate commitments and reduce carbon emissions. However, EV charging may cause technical issues in distribution grids, such as voltage fluctuations. To address this problem, this paper proposes a novel multi-objective optimization planning framework to find the optimal location and size of BESSs to compensate for the effect of EV charging stations (EVCSs). In the proposed framework, technical and economic objectives in a power distribution grid have been optimized by identifying the appropriate size and location for BESS and EVCS. A combination of genetic algorithm and deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) have been employed to solve this problem. Numerical simulations on an IEEE 33-bus distribution network confirm the effectiveness of the proposed framework.