Novel E-Shaped Waveguide Relativistic Extended Interaction Oscillator With Low Magnetic Field Operation

In this article, a compact E-shaped waveguide relativistic extended interaction oscillator (ESW-REIO) is proposed, leveraging a 0.27 T guided magnetic field to address the crucial needs for miniaturization, lightweight design, and mobility in high-power microwave (HPM) systems. The study conducts a thorough analysis of low guiding magnetic field transmission under relativistic conditions, highlighting the challenges in achieving high efficiency in devices operating under low magnetic fields and subsequently presenting a solution. It includes an in-depth examination of the electromagnetic properties of the ESW-REIO’s single cavity and its extended interaction with a triple-cavity structure. Cold-test experiment was conducted on the proposed device, yielding a frequency response consistent with the simulation results. Employing a 450 kV, 700 A circular electron beam within a 0.27 T guiding magnetic field, PIC simulations indicate a potential output power of 115.5 MW at 5.68 GHz, achieving a peak efficiency of 36.7%.