Research on Real-Time Detection System of Rail Surface Defects Based on Deep Learning

The heavy workload of rail track inspection makes it time consuming, and thus calls out a real-time inspection algorithm to achieve precise and efficient detection. In this study, we developed a real-time detection system for rail surface. Our system utilizes machine vision and real-time algorithms to ensure efficient and fast inspections. Edge computing device is used for real-time detection of track defect. To increase detection accuracy and speed, we optimized the YOLOv5 structure by introducing depth-separable convolution and reparameterization methods. Through training and evaluating the model on a dataset of rail surface defects, we achieved a mean average precision (mAP) of 83.2% and a detection speed of 51 FPS on edge computing devices. The performance of model outstrips that of other one-stage algorithms and backbone network detection results, as it exhibits high accuracy and speed. This achievement lays the groundwork for realizing real-time detection of rail defects and augmenting railroad safety.