Optimizing Maximum Profit for Electric Vehicle Users in a Bipolar DC Distribution Grid with Probabilistic EV Load Demand and V2G Integration

This article delves into the synergistic potential of integrating Bipolar DC distribution grids, Probabilistic EV load demand forecasting, and Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology. It offers a blueprint for electric vehicle (EV) users to smartly improve their financial results. Through the amalgamation of these components, individuals who possess electric vehicles have the potential to mitigate their energy expenditures while concurrently generating additional income. The study reveals that the integration of EV into the distribution system can lead to a substantial increase in daily energy loss, reaching up to 25.91%. However, when V2G technology is employed within the distribution grid, it has the remarkable capability to mitigate this increase in daily energy loss significantly, achieving a reduction of up to 64.12%.