Implementing Dual-Inverted L-Shape Grooves on the Dual-Band Monopole Antenna for Portable WiFi, WiMAX, and 5G Applications

This article studies the utilization of dual-inverted L-shape grooves on a dual-band monopole antenna to enhance portable WiFi, WiMAX, and 5G capabilities. A monopole antenna design includes a rectangular stub with two inverted L-shaped grooves, allowing it to operate at two different frequencies simultaneously. During the process of creating the grooves on the rectangular stub, it was observed that the antenna structure resembles a T-shaped stub positioned on top of a U-shaped stub. The T-shaped stub is responsible for the antenna's low-frequency response at around 2.45GHz and 3.5GHz, whilst the U-shaped stub is used for impedance matching and provides at a frequency of 5.25GHz. Subsequently, the proposed antenna will be fabricated and evaluated, exhibiting an impedance characteristic of around 50.25% and 6.84% for
$\vert \mathrm{S}_{11}\vert$
at frequencies of 3.04GHz and 5.25GHz, respectively. It is important to note that
$\vert \mathrm{S}_{11}\vert$
remains below -10 dB over the whole operational frequency range. Moreover, the antenna shows a gain of roughly 2.18 dB, 3.31 dBi and 2 dB at frequencies of 2.45GHz, 3.5GHz, and 5.25GHz, respectively. Additionally, the suggested antenna exhibits an omnidirectional. In addition, the proposed antenna possesses dimensions in both portable WiFi, WiMAX, and 5G networks.