Exploring CST Simulation Techniques for TEM Mode and Unit Cell Analysis to Determine Refractive Index

The study investigates the accuracy of CST simulations in TEM mode and unit cell simulations for determining the refractive index (n) of materials. The results in TEM mode align with the expected properties of air, affirming the correctness of settings. However, when using unit cell simulations, the materials properties template inaccurately calculates n values, deviating from reality. Further examination reveals that unit cell simulations emit waves of different modes (TE, TM, or CP) instead of TEM, leading to inconsistencies. A revised equation is introduced to address this discrepancy, yielding results closer to actual n values. The importance of parameters like D and m is emphasized, as variations significantly impact the n values obtained. The introduced equation provides more accurate n cal-culations in unit cell simulations than the default CST template.