Two-layered High Gain and Wide Bandwidth Metamaterial Antenna for 5G mm-Wave Applications Using Multi-Trial Vector-Based Differential Evolution

A two-layered high gain and wide bandwidth metamaterial antenna working at 24 GHz - 30.5 GHz for mm-Wave applications is presented in this paper. To design the antenna we apply a novel evolutionary algorithm, namely the multi-trial vector-based differential evolution (MTDE). The metamaterial antenna has an overall compact size of 12.4 x 12.4 x 8.38 mm
³
including two substrates and the air gap. It is realized with a Rogers Duroid 5880 substrate 0.78 mm thick and a Rogers RO3010 as a superstrate 1.6 mm thick at an optimized distance above the radiation element. The radiation element is composed of a square-cut-at-the-four corners patch antenna. In addition, to enhance the antenna performance, both gain and bandwidth, a metasurface based on periodic metallic mushrooms which surround the radiation element is employed. Interelement distance between the metallic structures, their size and the distance between the two substrates are optimized. Simulated results show a significantly wide bandwidth ranging 24 GHz to 30.5 GHz and a high peak realized gain of 11.76 dB when the MTDE optimizer is applied. These features make the antenna a good candidate for 5G mm-Wave applications.