Restoration Strategies for the Radiation Pattern of a 5G mmWave 1×4 Antenna Array Embedded in a Smartphone

The integration of a 5G mmWave 1×4 antenna array into an actual smartphone presents substantial challenges for antenna engineers. This is notably reflected in the considerable impact on various antenna performance metrics, including radiation patterns, gain, efficiency, impedance matching, isolation, and more. Despite these challenges, the existing literature lacks in-depth exploration of restoration strategies or solutions. This paper explores the implications of this scenario, offering a solution to address these challenges, with a particular focus on restoring radiation patterns and gain.