An Improved Integral-Based Adaptive Event-Triggered Frequency Regulation on a Dual-Link LFC System Under Mixed Attacks

This article analyzes the frequency regulation problems of load frequency control (LFC) system under some unforseen network environments, such as unexpected load, mixed attacks, and time delay in cyber–physical system (CPS). A dual-link strategy using alternating current and direct current tie-line transmission technologies is employed to improve the efficiency of power exchange and retain the power system frequency stability. Then, an improved integral-based adaptive event-triggered control (IA-ETC) with flexible threshold parameters is designed using the historical average system state to tackle the sudden fluctuations with improved communication efficiency. Furthermore, the Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional (LKF) with delay terms is proposed to investigate the exponential stability with
$H_{\infty }$
performance on the dual-link LFC system. Finally, simulation results show that this development presents an improved frequency regulation performance.