Blood Hemoglobin and Urine Glucose Level Detection Using Copper-Graphene Based SPR Biosensor

This study aims to investigate the surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based biosensor to measure Hemoglobin concentration in blood and glucose level in urine employing copper-graphene-sensing medium based biosensor model. Hb is an essential protein that can be used to identify and quantify various medical conditions. Similarly, glucose level in urine holds pivotal significance in understanding an individual's health status, particularly concerning diabetes and other metabolic conditions. Since at visible range the refractive index of Hb and Glucose changes due to its change of concentration, it can be utilized to detect disease based on intensification of these blood molecules. The proposed design is a Kretschmann configuration consisting of copper as the plasmonic substance and graphene as a protective layer to prevent copper oxidation and enhance the reflectance intensity. The study has been conducted using numerical simulations utilizing the finite-difference-time-domain (FDTD) method. The investigation involves a comparative analysis of sensing performance, focusing on parameters like reflectivity, FWHM, Quality factor to measure the detection accuracy of the proposed material combination. It is noticed that the proposed sensor exhibits high sensitivity ranging from approximately 140 to 180 deg/RIU and FWHM of 2 to 3.5. These performance metrics are remarkable in comparison to other available sensor performance.