Designing Optimal Parameters for Single-Axis Solar-Tracker through Analysis of Sun-Path and Tracking Vector Dynamics

The persistent challenges faced by sun-tracking systems include inefficient power production, wastage of energy, ineffective control, and high costs. Most of the existing systems are either static or dual-axis tracking which lead to inefficient output or increasing energy wastage and cost overheads. Though, single-axis tracking system has some benefits over the static or dual-axis tracking, most of the systems do not analyze the selection of optimal sun-path which again leads to inefficient and inadequate absorption of sunlight. Addressing the issues, this article presents a design of optimal parameters for single-axis solar-tracking by analyzing the sun-path and tracking vector dynamics. The study mainly focuses on analyzing solar-tracking dynamics, variations in sunray angles, Azimuth and Elevation dynamics throughout the day for the twelve months, Sun-vector calculation for local coordinates, joint rotational-axis, and joint motion control using a Proportional-Derivative controller. Additionally, the article outlines a conceptual architecture for automated control, monitoring, and power distribution for the potential development of a sustainable smart city. The proposed strategy addresses the issues of the optimal design of a single-axis solar-tracker, thus ensuring the reduction of cost overhead and energy wastage.