Intelligent Transportation Systems: Exploring Digital Twin Technologies in Smart Grid, Transportation Systems and Smart Cities

The recent advancement of “digital twins (DT)”, which have the potential to completely transform all modern sectors, has drawn the attention of numerous researchers due to recent advancements in (ICT), The term “DT concept” describes a digital depiction of a physical object by utilizing platforms and real-time, bidirectional data flow, which can mirror its physical behavior. The power grid's impressive use of the Internet of Things has made information dependable, enhancing its functionality and providing it with an effective tool for managing and analyzing data in real time. This study attempts to follow the ongoing research and offer useful suggestions for creating and expanding DT technology, taking into account the many power system application domains. It also outlines suggested remedies for the problems that arise from DT. As contemporary cities grow, “new energy layers-such as microgrids, smart grids, and transportation systems”-have emerged to confront a variety of problems that put the multifaceted energy management system to the test. For instance, traffic is a significant issue in transportation systems that needs to be managed, planned, and analyzed in real time. Some of the current issues facing the field of power grids include remote data transfer within the system and different analyses requiring actual data. An actual twin framework should be provided and examined in each part to solve these issues. This survey's overall goal is to examine the numerous uses of DT in the development of a city's transit, electricity, and microgrid systems, among other areas of energy management. Additionally, the security of ML-based DT technology is explored. Additionally, it gives readers a comprehensive understanding of how to create and implement DT technology for different power systems.