Cost-Effective Coordinated Primary Frequency Regulation of Power Systems based on Energy-intensive Industrial Loads

Energy-intensive industrial loads as one part of demand response have been applied in frequency regulation of power systems, due to their advantages of large adjustable capacity, easy control and good communication conditions. The study introduces an efficient scheme for primary frequency regulation in isolated power systems with substantial wind power usage, utilizing the high-energy loads from aluminum smelting and electric heating boilers. This approach is designed to be cost-effective, leveraging these specific industrial loads for enhanced frequency stability in systems with significant wind energy integration. At first, the frequency regulation model of power system with these two industrial loads is constructed. Then, a scheme for cost-effective and coordinated frequency regulation is developed, taking into account the associated costs of frequency regulation efforts. At last, case studies on an isolated power system are undertaken under step changes of load and random changes of wind power. The simulation results illustrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed scheme on cost reduction and frequency regulation.