Dynamic Characterization and Parameter Optimization of Direct-Drive Wind Station with Grid-Forming Energy Storage

Traditional direct-drive wind farms often utilize grid-forming energy storage to improve transient stability due to the lack of active support for the system. However, in the process of practical application, the parameter configuration of direct-drive wind power stations with grid-forming energy storage lacks a unified configuration scheme, and it is not possible to maximize the use of energy storage to achieve the transition from traditional power systems to power systems with high proportions of renewable power and power electronics. In this regard, this paper proposes a set of optimization scheme for the grid-forming energy storage to make the direct-drive wind station externally exhibit the grid-connected characteristics similar to synchronous machines. The article firstly establishes the model of direct-drive wind station with grid-forming energy storage, then analyzes the impact of the virtual inertia control and grid-forming energy storage controller parameters on the dynamic characteristics of the wind station, and proposes a controller parameter optimization scheme using genetic algorithms, so that the external performance of wind station similar to the characterization of the output electrical quantity of synchronous generators. Finally, the simulation verifies the feasibility of the controller parameter optimization scheme based on genetic algorithm, which can basically follow the more mature synchronous machine-based operation and control technology in the current power grid, and play a positive role in the smooth transition from the traditional power grid to the power systems with high proportions of renewable power and power electronics.