A Bi-level Optimization Method for Siting and Sizing of Distributed PV-Storage in Distribution Network

To address the mismatch between the increasing penetration of distributed photovoltaic (DPV) and the stability and profitability of distribution network (DN) operation, this paper proposes a bi-level model that considers the profitability of DN and accommodation capacity of DPV. Combining with cluster control theory, the bi-level model divides the complex DN into different clusters based on the line structure and the load characteristics of DN. In the bi-level model, the optimization object of outer-level model and inner-level model are to minimize the integrated cost of DN, maximize the penetration of photovoltaic and minimize the network loss respectively. For solving the bi-level model, a bi-level hybrid particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is presented. Different cases are set up to validate the feasibility of the established bi-level model and the effectiveness of the presented bi-level PSO algorithm.