Design and prototyping of a 4-axis CNC machine for the manufacturing of small accessories

The goal of this paper is the construction and operation of a 4-axis CNC (Computer Numerical Control) machine, where its mechanical structure and the electronic controller responsible for facilitating movement in the fourth axis will be explained. The Marlin firmware is used to monitor the operation of the XYZ axis motors. The fourth axis has a control system by an independent microcontroller. The selection of machine actuators is rigorously validated through mathematical calculations and an analysis of the physical forces influencing the fourth axis of the CNC machine. The price of this CNC machine will be approximately the same as a 3D printer, and consequently, the size of this machine will reduce compared to a common industrial 4-axis CNC machine.