Criteria for Grid-Forming Inverters Transitioning Between Current Limiting Mode and Normal Operation

This letter focuses on the fault recovery analysis of inverters using multi-loop droop based grid-forming control, taking into account different current limiting strategies. A criterion is proposed to determine when the inverter can exit the current limiting mode after fault clearance. The theoretical findings are verified through electromagnetic transient simulations using the direct ($d$)-axis priority-based current limiting method, circular current limiting method, and virtual impedance method.