A SPICE-based Emulator Framework for Quantum Error Correction Circuits using LC Resonators

Quantum error correction (QEC) is vital for protecting quantum information against errors induced by quantum noise and decoherence, enabling fault-tolerant quantum computation. Here, we construct a SPICE-based classical emulator framework to simulate gate-based quantum error correction circuits, specifically designed to correct both bitflip and phase flip errors. In our framework, a collection of LC-oscillators emulates the process behavior quantum gates. Each quantum state is perfectly described by the phase and amplitude of each oscillator. Our framework is scalable to any quantum error correction system with any arbitrary number of qubits since each gate process is perfectly achieved. Here, we have successfully conducted simulations for an individual bit-flip correction circuit and Shor’s nine-bit error correcting quantum circuit, demonstrating the capability of our framework to effectively address and repair random bit-flip and phase flip errors in gate-based quantum computing circuits.