Golden Angle Modulation Aided Differential OFDM-IM for LEO Satellite Communications

In this letter, a golden angle modulation (GAM) aided differential orthogonal frequency division multiplexing with index modulation (DOFDM-IM-GAM) system for low-earth orbit (LEO) satellite communications is proposed, which amalgamates the concept of differential coding to exploit the advantage of GAM and OFDM-IM without channel state information (CSI) at the receiver. Specifically, in the DOFDM-IM-GAM system, L subcarriers are divided into Q subblocks, and differential coding based on power normalization is applied to adjacent subblocks. Furthermore, the average bit error probability (ABEP) and mutual information (MI) of the proposed DOFDM-IM-GAM system are derived over the Rayleigh fading channel and LEO satellite channel. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed DOFDM-IM-GAM system offers significant performance improvements compared to conventional DOFDM-IM systems.