Effect of Realistic Behavior of High- Frequency Antennas in Spectral Efficiency

In the evolving era of wireless communication systems, the significance of antenna noise and its profound influence on the antenna signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the overall communication SNR cannot be overstated. This paper delves into an exploration of antenna noise, antenna SNR, and the quality of wireless communication systems. The study begins by elucidating the fundamental principles of antenna Noise, encompassing both internal and external noise within the antenna system. Reviewing existing literature, the paper unveils the diverse factors contributing to antenna noise, ranging from environmental conditions to electronic components. These factors are termed as mismatch loss and radiation efficiency of the antenna. Furthermore, the paper meticulously analyzes the antenna SNR as a bridge connecting antenna noise to the communication quality. The antenna noise and factors also affect the SNR and spectral efficiency in the communication system having large-scale fading (Path loss).