Design and Optimization of Non-Woven Polyester Made U Shaped Flexible Patch Antenna for Early Detection of Thyroid Cancer

The U-shaped flexible wearable textile antenna (USWTA) described here serves a critical role in the preliminary diagnosis of cancerous tissues within the thyroid gland. USWTA is crafted from a non-woven polyester as substrate and conducting polyester as a radiating element. USWTA boasts a distinctive design that equips it to discern anomalies within the thyroid gland based on variations in the dielectric properties of the tissues it encounters. When positioned in close proximity to the thyroid gland, the USWTA undergoes notable changes in its operational attributes, encompassing adjustments in parameters such as Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR), Gain, and return loss (S11). These dynamic alterations are meticulously scrutinized to differentiate between cancerous and healthy tissue samples. The selection of a flexible non-woven polyester substrate is a deliberate choice, enabling the antenna to conform to the gland's unique shape while facilitating effective cancer cell detection. Significantly, the antenna exhibits the ability to measure the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) within cancerous cells, a capability that plays a pivotal role in detecting malignancies. USWTA has
$\mathbf{VSWR \leq 2}$
bandwidth (BW) of 4.5%, 4.66% and 4.7% for on body with cancer, on body without cancer and off-body respectively. USWTA has a peak gain of 9.5 dB at 5.4 GHz with good radiation characteristics. USWTA design is simulated using HFSS software, followed by a validation using a vector network analyzer. Hence the proposed antenna is suitable for wearable and medical device application due to its fast speed.