Analysis of Uniform Amplitude Butler Beam Forming Network for X/Ku-Band for Air-Borne Synthetic Aperture Radar Applications

In this article, the signal processing technique known as beamforming is discussed in relation to a number of industries, such as telecommunications, wireless communication systems, radar, sonar, and acoustics. The recommended frequencies for the Ku band at 13.265 GHz and the X band at 9. 3GHz.Couplers, crossovers, and phase shifters are produced as a result of the components, which are utilised to realise the design of beamforming networks. Insertion loss for the proposed crossover is less than 2dB. Butler matrix-based beamforming network with substrate with
$\epsilon_{\mathrm{r}}{=2.2}$
, height
$=0.8$
mm with 8 different beamforms at- 20°,-15°,-10°,-5°,5°,10°, 15°,200. the theoretically predicted total power of 9.030dB, By merging various signals or waveforms to create a concentrated, directional beam, beamforming networks (also known as Butler matrices) can theoretically increase power by amplifying the targeted signal and eliminating interference and noise from other directions. The significance of beamforming is found in its capacity to enhance signal quality. By reducing route loss and attenuations, beamforming increases communication range and quality. Target localisation depends heavily on beamforming.