Design of a Low-Cost IoT-Based Wearable System for Cardiovascular Disease Detection and Monitoring in Rwanda

This paper addresses the problem of inadequate and costly cardiovascular disease monitoring in low-and middle-income countries, such as Rwanda. The proposed solution is an innovative, low-cost Internet of Things-based wearable system that enables non-invasive monitoring of patients' health. This wearable sensor device measures heart rate, blood pressure, and blood oxygen saturation levels, providing real-time data through wireless transmission to a mobile application, which is further sent over WiFi for storage. When the data deviates from predefined thresholds, it triggers real-time alerts, connecting patients with the appropriate medical support. The system's primary objectives are to enhance affordability, accessibility, and energy efficiency while reducing treatment delays for cardiac patients. This technology has the potential to make a significant impact on healthcare in low- and middle-income nations by offering real-time, cost-effective care in patients' homes. The hardware components, including an OLED 0.93 display module, Arduino (NODE MCU V3) as the central processing unit, and the MAX30102 sensor, provide accurate data at a total cost of approximately 23.11.