Numerical investigation of flat plate solar collector with different cross section

Flat plate solar collectors (FPSC) are commonly used for domestic hot water heating, space heating, and industrial process heating. Flat plate solar collectors are devices that use the energy of the sun to heat a fluid, such as water or air. This study aimed to assess the efficiency of the flat plate solar collector (FPSC) and examine the behavior of the fluid within a riser that has three distinct cross sections, namely circular, square, and triangular. The findings indicated that the collector with the triangular cross section performed the best, as evidenced by the outlet water temperature that reached 338.47 K and obtained in efficiency of 87.93%, higher than the square and circular cross section with provided efficiencies of 83.71 and 79.83%, respectively.